<p>The City Hall of University City, Missouri, the seat of municipal government for University City, Missouri, was built in 1903 as the Woman&#39;s Magazine Building, the headquarters of a magazine publishing company, and became a city hall in 1930. The building is part of the University City Plaza, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 7, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current University City City Hall building was built by magazine publisher and businessman Edward Gardner Lewis, a native of Connecticut who came to St. Louis, Missouri, in the late 1890s, selling insect extermination products and medicines that were said to be highly questionable. He bought a magazine called Winner, based in downtown St. Louis, which he renamed Womans Magazine and quickly built its circulation to the largest in the country, amassing a fortune in the process. In 1902, Lewis purchased 85 acres (344,000 m) several miles west of downtown St. Louis. The tract, located near the construction site of the Worlds Fair, would become the nucleus for the streetcar suburb of University City.</p><br>
<p>In 1903, with his publishing operation outgrowing its downtown location, Lewis began the construction of a new Lewis Publishing Company headquarters and Press Annex at this site. After incorporating University City in 1906, he served three terms as mayor. During this time, he built the Womans Magazine Building, an Egyptian temple and an Art Academy. But Lewis financial empire in Missouri collapsed amid charges of mail fraud, bankruptcy, and litigation, and by 1915, he had moved his base of operations to Atascadero, California. Lewis declared bankruptcy a second time in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The Magazine Building briefly sat vacant, until it was dedicated as the new city hall on November 1, 1930.</p><br>
<h2>Carbon arc searchlight</h2><br>
<p>For the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair, Lewis had the worlds largest carbon arc searchlight installed atop the dome, 135 feet above street level. An eight-ton, 80-inch light built by General Electric in 1903, the searchlight developed at least 1 billion candlepower. The searchlight has a seven-foot carbon arc that is “ignited by carbon rods and reflected in a ground glass mirror that magnifies the light.”</p><br>
<p>The building elevator was too small to hold the light; its installation on the roof required a steam engine borrowed from the World&#39;s Fair. It sits on an elevator platform that raises the light through a hatch in the roof; today it is accessed via a spiral staircase in the council chambers.</p><br>
<p>It was first illuminated on April 30, 1904, opening night of the World&#39;s Fair,</p><br>
<p>to illuminate and advertise Lewiss tent city next to the Womans Magazine Building.</p><br>
<p>After the Fair, the light sat unused until it was restored in 1930 for the dedication of the City Hall. It was used again for the dedication of the University City Public Library and then was neglected until it was restored and operated by City Engineer Robert Norvell in the mid-1960s. It was relit on May 10, 1965, by then-Mayor Nathan B. Kaufman and has been maintained and operated by his son, Bill Kaufman, from 1972 to the present.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The octagonal, five-story brick-and-limestone building was built in a Beaux-Arts style with a dome roof. It was designed by Herbert C. Chivers (1869–1946), a local architect who had helped draft plans for St. Louis&#39; Union Station. Its landscaping was done in 1907 by landscape architect George E. Kessler.</p><br>
<p>The building features a marble staircase connecting the first and second floors, a central rotunda and a large domed room on the top floor that serves as the council chambers.</p><br>
<p>Among the architectural details that have been removed from the building are terra cotta cherubs along its roof line and a tunnel connecting it to the much larger Egyptian Building, now destroyed.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>Though structurally sound, the exterior of the building displayed signs of wear and tear by the turn of the millennium. The building underwent refurbishment in the mid-2000s, funded by a $2.9 billion bond measure passed in 2004. The project, led by Architect Trivers Associates, brought the building into compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and led to LEED certification. To achieve LEED certification, a new HVAC system and water saving measures were installed. The renovations also included exterior tuckpointing and the replacement of the windows and historic restoration of the original wooden window sashes.</p><br>
<p>The Rosedale Gardens Historic District  is a historic district located on eight streets, from Arden Street to Hubbard Street, between Plymouth Road and West Chicago Street in Livonia, Michigan. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rosedale Gardens was platted by the Shelden Land Company in the 1920s. The company modeled the development on Rosedale Park in Detroit. The first house in Rosedale Gardens was the Harsha house, built in 1925; the house was occupied in January 1926. These houses were wood structures.</p><br>
<p>When the Great Depression hit, construction stopped for a time; the developer bricked over existing homes, and continued with brick construction when building resumed later in the 1930s. About 250 homes were built in 1935–41, until World War II again intervened. Another housing boom occurred after the war, and by 1948 the original part of Rosedale Gardens contained 428 houses. Additional lots were platted, and homes built, through into the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Rosedale Gardens Historic District is a residential neighborhood, encompassing approximately 40 acres, containing about 570 houses, primarily built between 1925 and 1960. Houses are located along eight parallel streets running north–south. The streets are narrow and without curves and are lined with a collection of mature trees. Lots lining the streets are 40 feet wide and run 120 to 145 feet deep. Houses tend to be relatively modest in size, typically in the range of 1000 to 2000 square feet and one or two stories.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is distinctive because, unlike nearly all of the surrounding neighborhoods, pre-World War II houses predominate, with 428 of the 570 total built before the war. Many of the oldest houses are wooden, although brick-faced houses predominate in the neighborhood. Architectural styles are typically Colonials and English cottages, with some newer ranch houses intermingled.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church is a parish church in the Diocese of Iowa. The church is located in Harlan, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church was organized in Harlan in 1881. Regular services, however, were not held until 1896, the year the parish was founded. The congregation held services in a rented room on the east side of the courthouse square until this church was opened in 1900. The Shingle style building was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot & Bird. In 1950 the basement of the church was excavated. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Pauls Church follows a cross-shaped plan that measures 65 by. It is eclectic in style in that it combines the Shingle Style and Gothic Revival decorative elements that are expressed through different types of materials. The lowest level of the exterior is brick, above which are narrow clapboards up to the imposts of the lancet windows, and shingling above that to the eaves. Shingling is also found on the main facade. The structure is capped by a busy roofscape. The main roof is a high-pitched gable that features small triangular dormers. The transepts have hip roofs, and they too have small dormers. The narthexs gable roof sits at a right angle to the main roof. There is another hipped roof over the central bay of the narthex that houses the baptistery.</p><br>
<p>Rising above the main roof is a short, square, central tower. Although clad in shingles, it suggests the Richardsonian Romanesque style and appears out of scale to the rest of the building. The tower features pinnacles on its corners and it culminates in a high-peaked roof with a finial on top. There are also finials on several other roof and dormer peaks.</p><br>
<p>Lancet windows are located in the nave and transepts. There are trefoil windows in the dormers. A large, recessed rose window is located on the front facade of the nave, and a triptych window located on the opposite end of the church over the altar. Entrances into the church are located in three of the four corners. They, like the windows, employ the pointed arch, and are recessed below bargeboards.</p><br>
<p>The interior features an oak hammerbeam ceiling, plaster walls, and wainscoting. The pointed arch predominates throughout.</p><br>
<p>Gypsum Cave is a limestone cave in eastern Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 15 mi east of Las Vegas, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cave contains six rooms and is measured at 320 ft long by 120 ft wide. The cave was first documented by Mark Raymond Harrington in a 1930 edition of Scientific American. Up until about 11,000 BC (11,000 radiocarbon years ago), Gypsum Cave was inhabited by the Shasta ground sloth.</p><br>
<p>A few hundreds feet away, the Gypsum Cave Mine contains gypsum, anhydrite and uranium.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Human habitation of the cave dates to around 3000 BC. Harrington provided the first documentation of the contents of the cave following excavation in 1930-1931. Habitation occurred at the same time at other local sites like Tule Springs, Lake Mojave and the Pinto Basin.</p><br>
<p>The skull of the ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis Sinclair was found in Room 3 by the archaeologist Bertha Parker, who was Harrington&#39;s niece and served as expedition secretary. Excavators also found the dung, backbone, claws and reddish-brown hair of the now-extinct ground sloth (these and other bones from the cave are held by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County). Through radiocarbon dating, it was found that the sloth remains date back to 11,000 BC and earlier. The dung has given information about what the environment and vegetation of the area was because the sloth was a herbivore. This ancient plant eater survived on capers, mustards, grasses, agave, yucca, phacelia, borages, mints, grape, globemallow, saltbushes and ephedra. Most of these are still found in the area today, but the agave, yucca and grapes are only found at elevations 800 m and more higher, and close to water in the case of grapes. However, during the ice age, the climate was cooler and wetter. The geology of the area shows that the closest likely water supply was between 6 - away.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, a sign, the Nevada State Historical Marker #103, was put up to indicate to tourists the way to the site. It was removed by the private owner of the Gypsum Cave, PABCO Mining Company, to avoid unwanted tourism on its grounds. In the early 2000s, the Bureau of Land Management launched a survey for the construction of the proposed Harry Allen-Mead 500kV Transmission Line Project. Native tribes identified only 2 sites out of 56 that were highly significant to their culture, one of which was Gypsum Cave.</p><br>
<p>The cave was listed on the NRHP on July 8, 2010.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, a team of scientists conducting research on a skull found on-site by Harrington in the 1930s revealed it actually was a type of extinct, stilt-legged horse that died out during the last ice age (around 13,000 BC). The species was found not to be closely related to modern horses and was renamed Haringtonhippus francisci after Canadian scientist Charles Harington.</p><br>
<p>Local conservationists have proposed the area, along with Frenchman Mountain and Sunrise Mountain, be protected as a national monument.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian Orphans Home, now known as Presbyterian Homes & Family Services, is a historic "cottage style" orphanage complex located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It consists of six residence halls, a superintendent&#39;s house, and an executive building, all constructed of brick in the Georgian Revival style. Also on the property is a Greek Revival style gymnasium. Other contributing buildings and structures include the maintenance building, swimming pool, two farmhouses, dairy barn, stable, barn, and entry gates. A contributing site is the campus circle.</p><br>
<p>On 26 October 1909, five children housed in the nursery were killed in a fire. Shelton Cottage, a two-story building, was completely destroyed. Newspaper reports from the time call the institution the "Virginia Synod Presbyterian Orphans&#39; Home."</p><br>
<p>The original buildings were constructed in 1911.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Fountain Hotel is a historic former hotel in downtown St. Marys, Ohio, United States. Built in 1889 in a mixture of the Queen Anne and Victorian architectural styles, the hotel building sits in the 100 block of West Spring Street.</p><br>
<p>Also known as the "Fort Barbee Hotel," On the first story, the facade is divided into multiple storefronts, but the rest of the hotel has been converted into housing for low-income individuals aged fifty-five or older. Conversion to its present format was carried out by the Muskingum Development Corporation in the 1990s, at a cost of $2 million to $3 million; aid was provided by the Minster State Bank, which offered reduced interest rates to the redevelopers.</p><br>
<p>Surrounding the Fountain Hotel are several other important community locations, such as the municipal building, the Buckeye Trail route along the Miami and Erie Canal, and a community park. Adjacent to the hotel is a small spring; once tapped to provide water for Fort St. Marys, which once occupied the location of the citys downtown, the spring was later converted into a fountain that became the hotels namesake.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, the Fountain Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Key to this designation was its place in local history and commerce, as it once played the role of a hotel, specialty store, and restaurant. Two other properties in St. Marys are listed on the Register: the Dr. Issac Elmer Williams House and Office, built in 1903, and the former Holy Rosary Catholic Church, which was destroyed one year before it was placed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Haste-Crumpacker House, in Valparaiso, Indiana, was built in 1887.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Haste-Crumpacker House is a locally outstanding example of Late Victorian Eclectic architecture. The style and methods of construction reflect an era of prosperity for the city of Valparaiso as well as the advancement in construction technologies. Built for George Haste in 1887, the elegant home was described in local newspapers of the time as an “elegant residence” and a “substantial improvement to Valparaiso,” reflecting the social importance and economic prosperity that much of Indiana experienced in the decades following the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s one of 17 individual properties nominated for the National Register by Partners in Preservation.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The John H. Nichols House is a historic house in downtown Wapakoneta, Ohio, United States. Built in 1865,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of Wapakonetas earliest physicians, John H. Nichols designed his two-story, seventeen-room house in the plan of a cross, patterning it after a house in Virginia with which he was familiar. The houses brick walls rest on a foundation of limestone and are covered with a tin roof, and elements of wood and limestone are prominent on the exterior. Inside, walnut wood is dominant, including on the houses massive central fireplace. Among the original windowpanes is one on which several of Nichols children incised their names.</p><br>
<p>Built by Thomas and William Nichols, the owners brothers, the Nichols House soon became the core of Wapakonetas oldest major residential section. Six other large brick houses were built immediately west of the city center between 1865 and 1875. Like the Nichols House, these structures were erected for prominent members of Wapakoneta society, including its social and political leaders. Since the Nichols family, the house has changed hands very rarely; it had only four owners in its first century. By the late 1970s, it had been purchased by a photographer, who used it for both home and studio. To expand its uses for photography purposes, the house has been slightly modified by the addition of a brick patio and a white picket fence.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of its high quality of preservation, the Nichols House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, because of the significance of its architecture in local history. Today, the house is home to the law office of Jauert & Burton, before which it had been office space for the Ron Spencer Real Estate Agency.</p><br>
<p>The Sibley Historic Site is the site of Henry Hastings Sibleys home, who was the regional manager of the American Fur Company and Minnesotas first governor. It is one of the 26 historical sites that are operated by the Minnesota Historical Society. Located in what is now the city of Mendota, the site consists of four limestone buildings and a large lawn area. Three of the buildings are open for touring, including a fur company cold store from 1843 and the 1840 home of fur trader and hotelier Jean-Baptiste Faribault.</p><br>
<h2>The Sibley House</h2><br>
<p>The Sibley House, considered the oldest private residence in Minnesota, was built between 1835 and 1836 by a team of over 100 white and Dakota laborers, directed by John Mueller. It was made of limestone blocks cut from a nearby quarry. Sibley lived here as a bachelor for eight years, until his marriage to Sarah Jane Steele. After his marriage, Sibley turned the business office into a parlor, and an addition was built for a kitchen, dining room, two more rooms on the second floor, and an office on the east side. It was in this office that plans were drawn up for the Minnesota Territory, and it became the temporary territorial headquarters in May 1840, when Governor Alexander Ramsey was a guest of Sibley.</p><br>
<p>When General Sibley moved to 417 Woodward Street, St. Paul in 1862, he sold his home to St. Peter&#39;s Catholic Parish. The Catholic Sisters used the home for a school and convent from 1867 to 1878, adding a belfry on the roof and remodeling the interior.</p><br>
<p>For the next few decades, the house was leased to different parties, including the artist Burt Harwood, as a studio and art school during the summers of 1897 to 1899. The house was then used briefly as a storehouse, but was soon abandoned and became a lodging place for railroad transients. These new tenants tore up the floorboards and staircases for firewood, and the house fell into ruin.</p><br>
<p>On April 19, 1910, the house was rescued from ruin by a joint effort from the St. Paul chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), Mrs. Lucy Shepard McCourt, and Archbishop John Ireland of St. Peter&#39;s Parish. The house was restored by DAR chapters throughout the state, and was opened to the public on June 14, 1910.</p><br>
<p>In May 1997 the DAR turned the ownership of the Sibley Historic Site to State of Minnesota and the management to the Minnesota Historical Society. As of 2015, the historic is operated in partnership with the Dakota County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>The Faribault House</h2><br>
<p>Adjoining the Sibley estate is the house of Jean Baptiste Faribault, built in 1839. This Colonial house is built of local yellow sandstone with a red sandstone front. Faribault left the house after the death of his wife in 1847, and his grandson George Faribault operated a hotel in the building. River travelers, priests, teachers, explorers, and government representatives all made stays at the inn.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold and rented to various private parties, and eventually fell into disrepair. By the 1880s, Mendota had ceased to be a center of activity and became instead a quiet village. Eventually, the Faribault house was seen as having sufficient historic value to receive government aid in its restoration. In 1934, the State Highway Department began the restoration of the Faribault House through a Public Works Administration project. In 1935, the partially restored home was turned over to the DAR, who completed the restoration. The house and grounds were opened to the public on May 5, 1937.</p><br>
<h2>The Dupuis House</h2><br>
<p>On the southeast corner of the historic site is the Dupuis House, built in 1854 for fur trader Hypolite Dupuis, who also served as private secretary to General Sibley for many years. This house is built of brick from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1869 the house was sold to Tim Fee and remained in the Fee family until it was purchased by the Minnesota DAR in 1924.</p><br>
<p>In 1928 the house was remodeled to serve as a tea house. A verandah was built on the east side overlooking an old fashioned garden; and later a large, glass-enclosed porch was added to the west side. The Sibley Tea House became one of Minnesota&#39;s most popular tea houses and thousands of guests visited each season until it closed in the 1970s. The Dupuis House now houses the offices of the Sibley Historic Site and the Mendota Mdewakanton Dakota Tribal Community.</p><br>
<p>The Four Corners Historic District is the intersection of Broad and Market Streets in Newark, New Jersey. It is the site of the city&#39;s earliest settlement and the heart of Downtown Newark that at one time was considered the busiest intersection in the United States. The area that radiates twenty-two square blocks from the crossroads is a state and federal historic district.</p><br>
<p>The crossing became the center of the town soon after establishment in 1666; the home of founder Robert Treat was located at the southwest corner. During the next centuries it remained the focal point of the city which grew around it. By 1834, the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company had established a terminal to the south and in 1869, the Newark and New York Railroad had one to the north. During the period of massive expansion at the start of the 20th century, the district became the citys modern business district, and site of its first skyscraper built by the Firemens Insurance Company at the southeast corner in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The Newark Public Service Terminal on Broad Street opened in 1916. Though faded in its former glory, the Four Corners district remains Newark&#39;s traditional center for commerce and business and since the late 2000s, the focus of much interest in revitalizing retail, residential, and restaurant activity downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Broad and Market</h2><br>
<p>The names and the crossing of streets named Broad and Market is seen in many of the colonial cities in New Jersey, such as Paterson and Trenton and the United States, such as Philadelphia. In Newark, Broad Street, as the name suggests, is a wide avenue which runs north to Military Park and Broad Street Station, while to the south it passes Government Center and Symphony Hall. Market Street to the east passes Gateway Center</p><br>
<p>and Newark Penn Station, while to the west are the Essex County Veterans Courthouse and the university campuses located in the city. It has long been a busy crossroad. In 1915, Public Service counted over 280,000 pedestrian crossings in one thirteen-hour period. Eleven years later, on October 26, 1926, a State Motor Vehicle Department check at the Four Corners counted 2,644 trolleys, 4,098 buses, 2,657 taxis, 3,474 commercial vehicles, and 23,571 automobiles. Between 1925 and 1939 a staffed 24 ft traffic control tower stood at the intersection.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is one of seven in Newark. The Four Corners Historic District is roughly bounded by Raymond Boulevard, Mulberry, Hill, and Washington streets and University Avenue. The district established in 1999–2000 encompasses an area of 85 acre and includes many buildings which themselves are listed on the national and state registers of historic places. The area is considered vital in the redevelopment of the city, located between city attractions, residential neighborhoods, educational and commercial institutions. In 2010, in order to promote the restoration of facades in the district the city has implemented stricter signage policy for any renovations.</p><br>
<p>The northwest quadrant of the district has been home to Prudential Headquarters since its founding. Three buildings built by the finance company, including the Gibraltar Building on Halsey Street, are found there, as is the original flagship store of the department store Bamberger&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The city&#39;s two tallest buildings, the neoclassical National Newark and Art Deco Eleven 80, are found in the northeast quadrant near the abutting historic district of Military Park.</p><br>
<p>The southeast quadrant is home to the Kinney Building, Old First Presbyterian Church, the First National State Bank Building, the Newark and New York Railroad terminal, Newark City Hall at Government Center and historic Grace Church (Episcopal). The Prudential Center borders this section at Mulberry Street. A new hotel (Mariott Courtyard) and retail complex at Broad and Lafayette Streets is located there. Several buildings in the southeast quadrant have been renovated for residential spaces.</p><br>
<p>The southwest quadrant of the historic district is home to Teachers Village, a neighborhood in which since 2010s has undergone revitalization through new construction and renovation. New construction and renovations in the neighborhood such as the mixed-use buildings, the William Flats, the approved 19-story Vibe and the planned 40-story Halo. as well as new restaurants, shops, bank, and a planned Eataly-style food marketplace. An IHOP restaurant with five floors of market rate apartments on top is under construction at the intersection of Broad and Hill streets.</p><br>
<h2>Four Corners Millennium Project</h2><br>
<p>In December 2012, the city council approved plans for further renovations in the district which would extend the neighborhood to Market Street that would rehabilitate former commercial buildings to residential and retail spaces. A similar proposal has been made for the former Newark Paramount Theatre movie palace. In January 2014, the Four Corners Millennium Project was awarded $52 million in New Jersey State Economic Development grants.</p><br>
<p>The Le Grand Bridge was a bridge north of Le Grand, Iowa, United States. It spanned the Iowa River for 242 ft, carrying traffic on a gravel road named Abbot Avenue. Since Abbott Avenue is the border between Marshall and Tama counties, the bridge is in two counties lengthwise. Many bridges span from one county to another, but few are lengthwise split. It necessitated a joint session of the two counties&#39; Boards of Supervisors on June 29, 1896, to approve the project. The pinned Pratt through truss bridge was built in 1896 by the Marshalltown Bridge and Iron Works for $3,548.</p><br>
<p>The Le Grand Bridge is an abandoned concrete girder bridge built in 1914–1915. It is an early example of concrete-girder work by the Iowa State Highway Commission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The LeGrand Bridge carried traffic over the Iowa River for more than fifty years. The bridge is a multiple-span reinforced concrete girder construction. This type of bridge construction was typical in Marshall County, Iowa since the Brockway Act of 1913. Marshall county supervisors contracted with Des Moines-based Capital City Construction Company to build the bridge, which was completed early in 1915. The county later rechanneled the river and rerouted the road. The LeGrand Bridge now stands abandoned over a backwater of the river.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Memorial Episcopal Church is a former parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. The historic building is located in Mapleton, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The former church building and hall now house the Museum of American History.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was established in the mid-1880s. The church building was built as a memorial to Flora E. (Giddings) Whiting by her husband C.I. Whiting, a local banker. It was designed by Edward S. Hammatt from Davenport, Iowa. Trinity Memorial was one of at least seven churches he designed in the Diocese of Iowa. In addition, he also designed Kemper Hall, an Episcopal school for boys, and St. Katherine&#39;s Hall, a school for girls, both of which were located in Davenport. Albert and Edmund Jenkinson Contractors of Sioux City, Iowa built the building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1896, by Bishop William Stevens Perry with the assistance of the Quarry Lodge No. 404 A.F. & A.M. of Mapleton. The church was consecrated on September 20, 1896. It cost approximately $15,000 to build the church and it was deeded to the Trustees of the Diocese of Iowa the year it was built debt-free.</p><br>
<p>The stained glass windows were donated by St. Thomas Episcopal Church in Sioux City. They had been removed from their former church before it was torn down in 1892. A rectory, which is now a private home, had been built at the same time as the church. The Rev. William Frost was the parish&#39;s first resident priest to live in the house. The Guild Hall was built in 1926.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Vine Victor Deloria, the first priest of Native American heritage to serve in the Diocese of Iowa, was priest-in-charge at Trinity Memorial, Trinity in Denison, and St. Johns in Vail from 1951 to 1953. After working in Washington, D.C. he returned to the diocese to serve as vicar at St. Pauls in Durant from 1959-1960 after which he left the diocese.</p><br>
<p>The funeral of Charles G. Whiting, son of C.I. and Flora Whiting, was the last liturgy celebrated in the church in 1984. Services to deconsecrate the church were held in 1988. The church building and hall were purchased that same year by Keith Robinson for the museum. His collection of political Americana provided the nucleus of the museum&#39;s collection, and remains its primary exhibit. The museum also has artifacts of local interest that appear in the context of significant national events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church building is basically rectangular in shape, and measures 63 by. It was designed in a combination of the Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles. The Gothic is found in the polychrome finish of the brick and stone, the pointed arch windows and doors, the wall buttresses, the battlements on top the corner tower, and the steeply pitched roof with steep cross gables. The Romanesque is found in the short bell tower, the broad roof plane, the rusticated stone on the foundation, the entryway, and the quoins on the corners. The main facade on the west side is dominated by a large stained glass window that is flanked by two smaller windows. In the gable peak is a trefoil window below a large stone cross. A small narthex is located at the main entryway in the tower. The sandstone pillars of the portico are connected by a sandstone arch. Wrought iron grill work is located in the arch. Trefoils are cut into the sandstone railings. Medium-sized windows dominate both side elevations. The small extension on the north elevation was designed to house a pipe organ that was never installed. The sacristy was in the extension on the south elevation. The rounded apse on the east side of the building has four windows and is where the altar was located on the inside. A small cross tops the gable on the east side of the church above the apse.</p><br>
<p>St. Georges Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal Church building located in Le Mars, Iowa, United States. Designed in the Carpenter Gothic style of architecture, it was erected in 1881. It is one of the few remnants of the English era in Le Mars early history. The church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After Fred and William Close of England opened a land sales office in LeMars in 1879, they began to plan an English colony. Men from England were sent to the Le Mars area to study farming in the late 19th century. Over the years over 1,000 people would settle here as a part of this program. Some were the sons of established upper-class English families who returned home after they learned farm management techniques. Grace Mission was established in order to serve their spiritual needs. Its first building was located at Fifth and Hubbard Streets, now First Street SW and Fifth Avenue SW. They later moved to the Apollo Hall.</p><br>
<p>The congregation reorganized itself as St. George&#39;s Church on October 4, 1881. The present church building was completed the same year for about $3,200.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church building is built over a limestone foundation, and utilizes a unique board and batten border just below the horizontal clapboard. There are narrow hoods over the Gothic arched windows. The double-hung windows feature various designs of colored glass. The windows on the south side contain unique cut glass. The lancet arch over each window is pressed glass. There is an entrance tower on the main façade. It was originally capped by a small spire, but it was removed around the turn of the 20th-century and the roof gable was extended to cover the tower. The wooden exterior steps feature railings that were reproduced in the early 1990s to mimic the early banisters. The pews on the inside are original to the church. The altar is similar in appearance to the original and the pulpit dates from 1892.</p><br>
<p>St. Matthew&#39;s by the Bridge Episcopal Church is a parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. The church is located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. The parish was established in 1886, and the church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed by Robert Layton who was an industrial arts teacher in Iowa Falls. He was born in England and when he visited his home country in 1912 he made sketches of several village churches. From these sketches he drew up the plans for St. Matthew&#39;s. Louis and Ernie Welden, two of his students, assisted with making the blueprints.</p><br>
<p>The building is located along the Iowa River. Because of its rather precarious location, parishioners often refer to the church as St. Matthews on the Brink. It is a wood-frame structure that is rectangular in shape and measures 60 by. The exterior is covered with stucco and the gable ends give a simple simulated half-timbered effect. An addition with a shed roof was added onto the rear of the church in the 1960s to provide space for the vicars study, classrooms, and storage.</p><br>
<p>The interior remains basically unchanged since it was first built. The altar is along the east wall of the sanctuary. The aisle is left of center with the pews along the north wall. The structural system on the inside consists of King posts, Queen posts, collar beams and struts which enhance the vertical character of the space. The stained glass window over the altar depicts the Ascension of Jesus and was added in 1965. Four other windows depicting Apostles were added between 1980 and 1987. The building is significant for its simple design in the Tudor Revival mode.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephen&#39;s Episcopal Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal Church church building located in Newton, Iowa, United States. Completed in 1881, it was built by the contractor David S. Strover and master carpenter Joe Stevens. On September 22, 1977, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It serves a parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was formed on December 1, 1867, by the Rev. W. T. Currie from St. Pauls Church in Durant. It was incorporated the following year. Prior to this, worship services were held occasionally in the Jasper County Courthouse and in Union Hall. Some of the services were conducted by Iowas first bishop, Henry Washington Lee, who encouraged the mission work in Newton.</p><br>
<p>Property for the church was bought by Thomas Arthur for $825. David S. Stover designed the church and Joseph Stevens was responsible for construction, which began in 1871. The church was completed in 1874, with the exception of the bell tower. The first liturgy was celebrated in the church on April 19, 1874, by Rev. J. Sanders Reed of Des Moines. The building is Carpenter Gothic in design. The stained glass windows are a combination of English, Victorian and Arts-and-Crafts. The organ was bought by Col. Ryan, Thomas Arthur, and Lena Clark for $700. It was first used on Christmas 1874. It is the oldest church in continual use for worship in Newton.</p><br>
<p>By 1878 the parish had been reduced to 30 communicants. Between 1878 and 1911 the parish was too small to support a priest. With the exception of weddings and funerals, services were not being held. There was also no resident priest during the Great Depression. Rev. Joseph Gregori began to revitalize the parish beginning in 1949 and it became an independent parish in 1962. The education wing was completed the following year. The tower base, which serves as the narthex, was originally on the northeast corner of the main facade. It was moved to the other side in the 1960s and the second level of the tower and the spire were added at that time. They were part of the original plan for the church, but were not built because of a lack of funds.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The sanctuary measures 52 by, and the education wing is 53 by. The exterior is of the entire complex is covered with board-and-batten siding. Even though the education wing was added almost 90 years after the sanctuary they conform stylistically. The window openings and the entryways feature pointed arch windows. The exception is a round arch over the entry into the education wing. Other architectural elements include short buttresses and small brackets beneath the narrow eaves. A small chancel extends off of the back. The altar, pews, choir stalls, and stained glass windows are from the early years of the church.</p><br>
<p>The Goll Homestead is a historic farm complex in far western Fulton County, Ohio, United States. Located in German Township northwest of Archbold, the farm has been declared a historic site because of its role in the region&#39;s settlement.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>Before white settlement, Fulton County was a very heavily wooded region. Although most early settlers in this Black Swamp county cleared their lands, Peter Goll, Sr. and his wife Catherine preserved significant areas of virgin woodlands on their property. After immigrating to the United States from France in 1836, the Golls first home in western Fulton County was a log cabin, approximately 3 mi east of the present farmstead. As Peter Goll, Jr. grew to adulthood, he married and established a new farmstead; building a new house, he used a distinctively European method of massive timber construction derived from the vernacular architecture of the regions earliest French and German settlers. In 1862, one day before their child was born, Peter, Jr. and his wife moved into the new white wooden house. Soon afterward, his parents also moved into the house; in order to accommodate both households, the structure was built divided into two parts, each accessible by a different front door.</p><br>
<h2>Barn</h2><br>
<p>Three years after the house was completed, the Golls erected a barn to shelter their different types of livestock: horses, dairy cows, and possibly pigs. Like the house, the barn employed distinctive construction methods; its structure was based on wooden mortise and tenon construction, with the massive beams being made from oak trees cut on the property. In later years, the barn was modified several times; one of these renovations involved the raising of the entire structure by one story to simplify the keeping of livestock.</p><br>
<h2>Public ownership</h2><br>
<p>The house and related buildings remained in the Goll family for a full century. By the 1960s, ownership had passed to a descendant named Florence Louys, who decided to sell the farmstead and woods to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), which converted it into parkland, the Goll Woods State Nature Preserve. After the state took control of the property, the house and barn were converted for park purposes; the barn was used for storage, and park rangers lived in the house. By the 1990s, ODNR had decided to cease using the house for residential purposes, and the decision was made in the early 2000s to demolish both buildings. Some local residents reacted strongly against this proposal; by working with ODNR and the Ohio General Assembly, they were able to secure grants from the state for the property&#39;s restoration, and renovation efforts began in both the barn and the house.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, the Goll Homestead, comprising four buildings spread out over an area of 2.3 acre, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion both because of its place in local history and because of its well-preserved historic architecture: it was a survivor of the county&#39;s early period of settlement, and its buildings employed elements of distinctively European architecture, such as construction with large timbers. Since that time, restoration efforts have continued — volunteer members of the nonprofit Friends of Goll Homestead have repaired the buildings and returned them to a condition more closely resembling the days of Peter Goll, Jr., while teams from Eastern Michigan University have aided in removing modifications to the house in hopes of converting it into a base from which to conduct experiments in the surrounding woodland.</p><br>
<p>The George S. Clement House  is a historic building in Wauseon, Ohio, United States. Built in 1872,</p><br>
<p>George S. Clement moved to Wauseon in 1864, only one decade after the community was established. His hard manner of conducting business relations caused him soon to become one of the citys leading businessmen, and less than a decade after moving to Wauseon, he built a glorious house north of the citys downtown. The two-story house is primarily frame, and its slate roof is a mansard. His house on Clinton Street completed, Clement remained deeply involved in the business affairs of Wauseon. In 1889, Clement participated in the founding of the Wauseon State Bank, and on its board of directors he sat until the end of his life.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, Clements house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for the Register for two different reasons — its high-quality Italianate architecture and its connection to George S. Clement during his time as a leading member of the community. Included in the landmarked area was a second building, a carriage house on the propertys southwestern corner.</p><br>
<p>The P Ranch is a historic ranch in Harney County in southeastern Oregon, United States. The remaining ranch structures are located on the west bank of the Donner und Blitzen River in the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The ranch was built by Peter French, a well known 19th-century cattle baron. The P Ranch became headquarters for the French-Glenn Livestock Company, which eventually covered over 140,000 acre. After French was murdered in 1897, the French-Glenn Livestock Company slowly sold off the P Ranch property. In 1935, the United States Government purchased the remaining P Ranch property to add to an adjacent wildlife refuge. The Civilian Conservation Corps demolished most of the original ranch buildings in the 1930s, and a fire destroyed the main ranch house in 1947. The few remaining P Ranch structures are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Around 9,800 years ago, the Harney Basin was covered by a single great lake covering 255,000 acre. The birds, animals, and plants found in the wetland around the lake provided abundant food for early inhabitants. About 3,500 years ago, small villages began to develop around the lakes and along the banks of the river. Beginning about 1,400 years ago, extended droughts began to shrink the lake and surrounding wetlands.</p><br>
<p>While there are no records of the earliest people to inhabit the Harney Basin, Native Americans used the wetland areas around Malheur Lake, Harney Lake, and Donner und Blitzen River for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. By the time Europeans began to explore the area in the early nineteenth century, the Northern Paiute people were well established in the Harney Basin including the area that became the P Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Hudson&#39;s Bay Company fur trappers were the first Europeans to visit the Harney Basin. Peter Skene Ogden passed along the north shore of Malheur Lake in 1826. Other fur trapping expeditions followed in the 1830s. Several military expeditions passed through the area in the late 1850s. Major Enoch Steen was the first non-native to explore the Donner und Blitzen River area in 1860. Steens Mountain, that dominates southern Harney County, was named in his honor. In the 1860s, the United States Army established a number of military outposts in the Harney Basin.</p><br>
<h2>Peter French</h2><br>
<p>Peter French was born in Missouri in 1849. As a boy, he immigrated to California with his family. Then as a young man, French went to work for Doctor Hugh J. Glenn, who owned large tracts of land in the Sacramento Valley. In 1872, Glenn decided to expand his operation into Oregon. To lead the venture, Glenn picked 23-year-old Peter French. French was sent north with six vaqueros and 1,200 head of cattle.</p><br>
<p>When he arrived in the Blitzen Valley, French ran into a prospector named Porter, who had not found much gold and was eager to move on. French bought Porter&#39;s small heard of cattle along with his "P" brand and rights to the west slope of Steens Mountain where Porter had prospected. French settled along the Donner und Blitzen River. Over the next few years, French drained and fenced thousands of acres of wetlands along the river. That land became the P Ranch, which was named for the "P" brand acquired from Porter. By the 1870s, the P Ranch was earning a good income for Glenn. Cattle were raised in the lush P Ranch pastures along the river. In the fall, French drove his cattle 200 mi to the railhead at Winnemucca, Nevada.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, French married Glenns daughter Ella. Glenn was murdered three weeks later by a former employee. French continued to manage the Oregon operation for the Glenn family, selling more cattle to help pay the familys debts. In 1894, Glenn&#39;s heirs decided to incorporate the French-Glenn partnership into the French-Glenn Livestock Company, making French the company president.</p><br>
<p>From his base at the P Ranch, French expanded the companys holdings until the ranch extended from the foothills of Steens Mountain 40 mi along both sides of the Donner und Blitzen River to Malheur Lake, including the entire south shore of the lake. It also covered all of neighboring Happy and Diamond valleys plus a large part of the Catlow Valley to the south. Some records indicate the ranch may have covered as much as 200,000 acre. The company built and maintained 500 mi of barbed wire fence to protect 30,000 to 45,000 head of cattle plus 3,000 horses and mules. The operation had five divisions; the Happy Valley Division, the Diamond Division, Sod-House Division, the Catlow Valley Division, and the P Ranch Division. The P Ranch served as Frenchs main headquarters in the center of the property.</p><br>
<p>F.C. Lusk, who was the secretary of the French-Glenn Livestock Company prior to Frenchs death, became executor of Frenchs estate and took over as manager of the P Ranch and the company&#39;s other properties. To pay off company debts, Lusk gradually sold off ranch assets. In 1906, the P Ranch and the neighboring Diamond Ranch were sold to Henry L. Corbett and his partners his brother Elliott R. Corbett and C.E.S. Wood. In 1916, Louis F. Swift, owner of the Swift Meat Packing Company, joined the P Ranch partnership and the business became the Eastern Oregon Live Stock Company. In the 1920s, the part of the French-Glenn property known as the Barton Lake Ranch was bought by John Jenkins. This property includes the well-known Pete French Round Barn. In 1935, a large part of the P Ranch was incorporated into the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<h2>Malheur National Wildlife Refuge</h2><br>
<p>The Malheur Migratory Bird Refuge was created in 1908. Over the years, the refuge grew to encompass 81,786 acre around Malheur Lake. In 1935, the United States Government purchased 64,717 acre of P Ranch property from the Eastern Oregon Live Stock Company for $675,000, adding the land to the refuge. The refuge was later renamed the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s, the refuge hosted three Civilian Conservation Corps camps. One was located at the Sod-House Ranch south of Malheur Lake. A second camp was located at Buena Vista Station and the third was located 5 mi north of Frenchglen in the P Ranch area. Civilian Conservation Corps crews built a number of stone buildings to house the refuge headquarters at the Sod-House site. In addition, they constructed several refuge buildings at Buena Vista, four lookout towers, the main refuge patrol road, four concrete dams, numerous canals and bridges, and hundreds of miles of fence. The Civilian Conservation Corps also demolished most of the original ranch structures before the camps were closed in 1942.</p><br>
<p>After the Civilian Conservation Corps left, the remaining ranch buildings, including Peter French&#39;s main house at the P Ranch, continued to be used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to support refuge operations. Unfortunately, a fire destroyed the main ranch house in 1947, leaving only the foundation and a stone chimney that had been attached to the west end of the house.</p><br>
<p>Because it played an important role in the development of the cattle industry in the western United States, the P Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 29 January 1979. The historic district covers 60 acre along both sides of the Donner und Blitzen River. Today, the Long Barn is the only historic building left at the site.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>At its peak, the P Ranch complex included at least twenty-one buildings. Today, only one building and two other historic structures remain at the P Ranch site. In addition to the Long Barn, there is a beef wheel and some original stock fences.</p><br>
<p>The Long Barn was built in the 1880s. It is 150 ft long and 50 ft wide. It is a post and beam structure. There are 56 heavy log posts in two rows that support the roof, which is 30 ft high at its peak. The exterior of the barn is finished with pine and aspen lumber. The roof is covered with pine shingles. The original foundation sills were replaced by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1939. The interior of the barn is a single large room. It has a 12 ft wide center isle running between the two rows of support posts. Hay is still stored in the center isle; often stack to the crest of the roof. Along both side of the barn are feed racks and animal stalls. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service stabilized and restored the Long Barn in 2008. Today, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses the Long Barn to bed down horses and store hay.</p><br>
<p>The ranch property also has an original beef wheel, used to hoist slaughtered cattle off the ground to cool. It was built in the 1880s, when Peter French employed a hundred or more ranch hands. To feed all its dependents, the ranch needed to slaughter two cattle per week so the beef wheel was an important piece of structural equipment. The wheel is quite large since it had to lift beef carcasses high enough off the ground that the meat was safe from dogs and coyotes. The wheel is a square pine frame mounted on two large juniper posts.</p><br>
<p>Several sections of original stockade fence still remain at P Ranch site. These fences are made of juniper slabs which are buried in trenches. The fence cross-pieces were originally bound to the slabs with rawhide. There are also several original willow corrals that still exist. These were made by weaving willow shoots between upright juniper posts.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The P Ranch Historic District covers 60 acre along the Donner und Blitzen River in southeastern Oregon. The elevation of the ranch is 4,196 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The P Ranch is located within the boundaries of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The ranch is 1.5 mi east of Frenchglen, Oregon. From Frenchglen, travel east 1.5 mi on the Steens Mountain Loop Road; then turn north on the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Central Patrol Road. The ranch entrance is on the west side of the road approximately.25 mi from the Steens Mountain Loop Road junction.</p><br>
<p>Davies House, also known as "Twin Spruce," is a historic home located in Ontelaunee Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1767 and 1772, and is a -story, fieldstone dwelling with a gable roof. It has a two-story, stone and frame addition to the west, with a one-story half gable addition on that. The additions were completed by 1835. It is Georgian in style with Federal style details. Also on the property is a contributing stone smokehouse / cold cellar.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Jones–Read–Touvelle House is a historic building in Wauseon, Ohio, United States. Located along Park Street south of downtown,</p><br>
<p>Built on a limestone foundation, the house is a brick structure covered with an asphalt roof. Among its most prominent architectural features are its narrow but tall windows topped with arches of brick, the pairs of brackets that support the eaves of the house&#39;s hip roof, the double doors of the front entrance, and the ornate Queen Anne detailing of the porch.</p><br>
<p>Although the house was built by a Dr. Philo Jones, it was purchased by a John A. Read in May 1876, just a year after its completion. Read was a leading member of the Wauseon business society; after founding a combined general and drug store in the city in 1863, he was successful enough to split the drug store away as its own business in 1870, and he further expanded it by 1880 to the point that it was a sizeable pharmaceutical company.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the Jones–Read–Touvelle House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Key to this designation was its well-preserved historic architecture, which was seen as significant locally. It is one of four Wauseon buildings and six properties throughout Fulton County to be included on the Register.</p><br>
<p>The Julia Morgan House, also known as Goethe House, is a Mediterranean Revival mansion, located in the Elmhurst neighborhood of Sacramento, California, constructed by Julia Morgan, the first woman licensed to practice architecture in California. The home, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was gifted to Sacramento State University by Charles Goethe after his death in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1918, Charles Goethe hired Julia Morgan to draw plans for the house. When Goethe died in 1966 he bequeathed the house along with his library, papers, and a large monetary donation to California State University, Sacramento. Since then, University Enterprises, Inc. has maintained it.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>In 1982 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places due to its historic nature. Part of said historic nature is the fact that it is the only example of Morgan&#39;s domestic architecture in the Sacramento area. In 1999, the home was remodeled and its name was formally changed to the Julia Morgan House. In 2014, the house was remodeled to include business meeting and conference facilities. The house is currently used by the university to hold events by faculty or campus staff or can be rented for corporate and business meetings.</p><br>
<p>The Loomis–Parry Residence is a mixed-style residential house, constructed in 1917, in Augusta, Kansas. It is a 2-story structure, with an irregular floor plan, that retains nearly all of its original materials, including exterior brick walls and double-hung wooden windows. It has been continuously owned by the same family who originally constructed it. A widow named Henrietta Loomis commissioned the house as a residence for herself and her daughter. Her husband&#39;s family, who had been farmers, owned land in Butler County where oil was discovered in the early 1900s. The oil revenue financed the construction. The Loomis–Parry Residence was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. H. Huber Block was a historic commercial building in downtown Ottawa, Ohio, United States. Built in 1882, it was erected for Dr. Hubert Huber, a native of Germany who immigrated to the nearby village of Glandorf in 1853. This Italianate three-story brick building is typical of many commercial buildings constructed in villages such as Ottawa in the late nineteenth century: as prosperity increased, building owners sought to rebuild their structures in the style of those in large cities. Besides maintaining a medical practice in the building, Huber also operated a pharmacy on the first story that continued in operation long after his death; the second floor consisted of residential apartments that he rented out to others, and the third floor was used for nearly a century as a meeting place for the local Knights of Columbus lodge.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Huber Block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion because of its well-preserved historic architecture, which was seen as significant in the local community. Building was torn down in 2015 due to the 2007 flood damages.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church is a former parish church of the Diocese of Sioux City. The historic building is located in Pocahontas, Iowa, United States. The parish served the Bohemian community that lived in the Pocahontas area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Catholic Mass in Pocahontas was celebrated in 1875, by the Rev. T.M. Lenahan from Fort Dodge. The liturgies were celebrated irregularly in a schoolhouse until 1881. That year Pocahontas was organized as a mission of St. Patrick&#39;s on Lizard Creek in Webster County. The Rev. Mathew Norton, started celebrating mass once a month. At that time, the parishes in this area were in the Diocese of Dubuque.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, Warrick Price donated three acres of land, east of town for a church and cemetery. Will Hubbel designed the building and directed the construction done by the men of the local Bohemian community. Hubbel built almost all of the early buildings in Pocahontas. The altar was built by Charles Andera of Spillville. Mary Payer donated the altar as well as a picture of St. Peter and St. Paul that was painted in Bohemia. The bells for the church, named Agnes and Joseph, were brought from St. Louis, Missouri. The first resident pastor, the Rev. J.P. Bronz, served the parish from 1891 to 1895. The rectory was built at this time. In 1894, the church building was moved from the Calvary Cemetery property on the east side of town to its current location west of the central business district. The church was enlarged and remodeled the following year. A school was begun by the parish in 1896, and the Sisters of St. Francis of the Holy Family from Dubuque served as the teachers.</p><br>
<p>In 1901, Sacred Heart Parish was established in Pocahontas for the Germans and Irish, and school went with them. Saints Peter and Paul became a Bohemian national parish to serve that immigrant community, and it became a parish of the Sioux City diocese when it was established the following year. It was difficult, however, for the bishop to maintain a Bohemian-speaking priest in the parish. The Rev. Michael J. Kolvek was the pastor from 1923 to 1938, and the Rev. John Turza was the pastor from 1954 to 1957. The parish&#39;s other pastors could not speak the language.</p><br>
<p>Renovations were made to the church in 1957, which included new floors, pews, altar, and communion rail. It was redecorated in 1964, and changes were made a couple years later which reflected the liturgical changes inspired by the Second Vatican Council. The altar was changed so the priest could face the congregation.</p><br>
<p>By 1975, Pocahontas no longer needed two parishes, let alone a national parish for Bohemians. Bishop Frank Greteman merged both Saints Peter and Paul and Sacred Heart in Pocahontas into one parish named Resurrection of Our Lord. Both churches were initially used for liturgy. Saints Peter and Paul Church was permanently closed in 1983. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The last Mass in the church was held in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The wood-frame building measures 90 by and it features a three-story tower. It exhibits a combination of Italianate and Greek Revival elements. The Italianate influence is found in the round-arched windows and the paired brackets on the belfry. The Greek Revival is found in the fanlight over the main entrance; the pilastered corner boards and the fanlight motif on the upper section of the tower; and the lantern that caps the tower.</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul is significant for several reasons. It was the first Catholic church in Pocahontas County, and it holds an association with the Bohemian people who settled here. The church building is significant for its Italianate and Greek Revival design and its association with its builder, Will Hubbel. It is the last of the wood-frame church buildings left in Pocahontas, and one of the last in the county.</p><br>
<p>The St. Charles Historic District is a national historic district located at St. Charles, St. Charles County, Missouri. It is the site of the first permanent European settlement on the Missouri River and of the embarkation of Lewis and Clark&#39;s journey of exploration along the Missouri. The first state capital of Missouri and over one hundred other historic buildings are located in the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The St. Charles Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, including 63 contributing buildings over a 47 acre area. The district was later increased three times.</p><br>
<p>The original listing included the separately NRHP-listed First Missouri State Capitol Buildings and the Newbill-McElhiney House. In 1987 the district was increased to include a Greek Revival specialty store building at 1000 S. Main Street, with a 1.3 acre area.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the district was further increased by 9 acre to include 41 more contributing buildings on the 100, 200, and 300 blocks of N. Main Street. These include Greek Revival, Italianate, and late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture, including work designed by architects Albert B. Groves and Frank and Adolph Haverkamp.</p><br>
<p>The Barnes-Hiscock House  is a historic building located at 930 James Street in Syracuse, New York. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1851-1853 by industrialist and abolitionist George Barnes, in an Italian villa style. It was later the home of Frank H. Hiscock, "who served as the chief justice of the New York State Court of Appeals, the states highest court, and who with his wife Mary Elizabeth remodeled it in the Colonial Revival style in the 1890s." Renovations on the home were completed for the Barnes family under the direction of architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee in 1878 and 1882. The home was subsequently enlarged and significantly altered to its current Classical Revival appearance for the Hiscock family by architects Green and Wicks of Buffalo.</p><br>
<p>The house was the primary asset of the Corinthian Club, a private women&#39;s club which had occupied the building since its founding in 1949, but which faced severe financial difficulty in 2009. The club was named for the Corinthian-style pillars gracing the front of the mansion, which were added in the 1890s renovation.</p><br>
<p>Boys High School is a Romanesque Revival-style public school building in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, United States. It is regarded as "one of Brooklyn&#39;s finest buildings".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Romanesque Revival building is richly decorated in terracotta somewhat in the style of Louis Sullivan. The building is admired for its round corner tower, dormers, and soaring campanile.</p><br>
<p>The building was erected in 1891 on the west side of Marcy Avenue between Putnam Avenue and Madison Street. It was designed by James W. Naughton, Superintendent of Buildings for the Board of Education of the City of Brooklyn. The building is regarded as Naughton&#39;s "finest work."</p><br>
<p>When Boys High was landmarked by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1975, the commission called it "one of the finest Romanesque Revival style buildings in the city". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 25, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was the exterior filming location for the Knickerbocker Hospital in the television show The Knick.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>In 1975, the same year the building was landmarked, Boys High merged with Girls&#39; High School to become Boys and Girls High School. Boys and Girls High School immediately moved to a new building at Fulton Street and Utica Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The school was a college preparatory program with high academic standards. Congressman Emanuel Celler described Boys High in his autobiography, "I went to Boys High School — naturally. I say "naturally" because Boys High School then, as now, was the high school of scholarships. Boys of Brooklyn today will tell you, "It&#39;s a hard school." It was highly competitive..."</p><br>
<p>Another Boys High graduate remembered that "I went to Boys High School in Brooklyn, a great school. It was out of the classic tradition. I guess eighty percent of the student body had to take Latin — we didn&#39;t have to; we elected Latin, because we felt it was expected of us."</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Isaac Asimov (1920–1992), author</p><br>
<p>John Barsha (born Abraham Barshofsky; 1898–1976), American professional football player</p><br>
<p>Jules Bender (1914–1982), collegiate and professional basketball player</p><br>
<p>Cy Block (1919–2004), professional baseball player</p><br>
<p>Himan Brown (1910–2010), producer of radio programs</p><br>
<p>Anatole Broyard (1920–1990), essayist, literary critic</p><br>
<p>Emanuel Celler (1888–1981), USA Representative for almost 50 years</p><br>
<p>Aaron Copland (1900–1990), classical composer, composition teacher, writer, and conductor</p><br>
<p>Howard Cosell (born Howard William Cohen, 1918–1995), television sports journalist</p><br>
<p>Mel Davis (born 1950), professional basketball player</p><br>
<p>Tommy Davis (born 1939), Major League Baseball player</p><br>
<p>I. A. L. Diamond (1920–1988), screenwriter</p><br>
<p>Martin Dobelle (1906–1986), orthopedic surgeon</p><br>
<p>Hal Draper (born Harold Dubinsky, 1914–1990), socialist activist and author</p><br>
<p>Ted Draper (1912–2006), historian and political writer</p><br>
<p>Lee Farr (1927–2017), actor</p><br>
<p>Leon Festinger (1919–1989), social psychologist</p><br>
<p>Mickey Fisher (1904/05–1963), basketball coach</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Graham (1894–1978), father of value investing</p><br>
<p>Al Goldstein (1936-2013), pornographer</p><br>
<p>Alfred Gottschalk (1930–2009), rabbi, leader in Reform Judaism movement</p><br>
<p>Jerome Anthony "Little Anthony" Gourdine (born 1941), lead singer of The Imperials</p><br>
<p>Sihugo "Si" Green (1933–1980), professional basketball player</p><br>
<p>Ezra E. H. Griffith (born 1942), psychiatrist</p><br>
<p>Daniel Gutman (1901-1993), lawyer, state senator, state assemblyman, president justice of the municipal court, and law school dean.</p><br>
<p>Connie Hawkins (1942–2017), basketball Hall of Famer</p><br>
<p>Will Herberg (1901–1977), political activist, philosopher, and author</p><br>
<p>Edward Everett Horton Jr. (1886 - 1970), character actor in film, television, radio, and theater</p><br>
<p>Gene Kelly (1918–1979), major league sportscaster</p><br>
<p>W. Langdon Kihn (1898–1957), portrait painter and illustrator</p><br>
<p>Morris Kline (1908–1992), professor of mathematics</p><br>
<p>Joseph Isaac Kramer (1924–2021), doctor</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Lax (1915–2015), physicist elected to National Academy of Sciences</p><br>
<p>William Levitt (1907–1994), developer of Levittown</p><br>
<p>Harry E. Lewis (1880–1948), lawyer, Brooklyn district attorney, New York Supreme Court Justice</p><br>
<p>Norman Lloyd (1914–2021), actor, director and producer</p><br>
<p>Norman Mailer (1923–2007), novelist, journalist, playwright, screenwriter, actor and film director</p><br>
<p>Mickey Marcus (1901–1948), US Army colonel who became Israel&#39;s first general</p><br>
<p>Ernest Martin (born 1932), theatre director and manager, actor</p><br>
<p>Abraham Maslow (1908–1970), professor of psychology</p><br>
<p>Will Maslow (1907–2007), lawyer and civil rights leader</p><br>
<p>Sean Michaels (born 1958), pornographic actor</p><br>
<p>Irving Mondschein (1924–2015), track and field champion</p><br>
<p>Jack Newfield (1938-2004), journalist</p><br>
<p>Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky, 1890–1976), artist</p><br>
<p>Max Roach (1924–2007), jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer</p><br>
<p>E. Ivan Rubenstein (1895–1955), lawyer and judge</p><br>
<p>Meyer Schapiro (1904-1996), art historian</p><br>
<p>Aubrey Schenck (1908–1999), motion picture producer</p><br>
<p>Allie Sherman (1923–2015), National Football League player and head coach</p><br>
<p>Meier Steinbrink (1880–1967), lawyer and New York Supreme Court Justice</p><br>
<p>Fred Thompson (1933–2019) Hall of Fame Track and Field Coach</p><br>
<p>Lawrence Tierney (1919-2002), movie actor</p><br>
<p>Solly Walker (1932-2017), first African American to play for St. John&#39;s University basketball team</p><br>
<p>Alexander S. Wiener (1907–1976), leader in fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics</p><br>
<p>Lenny Wilkens (born 1937), NBA player and coach; Hall of Fame player and coach</p><br>
<p>Izzy Yablok (1907–1983), football player</p><br>
<h2>Distinguished faculty</h2><br>
<p>Mickey Fisher (1935-1962), Basketball coach made the Final Four every year from 1956 to 1962, coach of the Israeli Men&#39;s Olympic basketball team, Rome 1960.</p><br>
<p>James Sullivan (1873-1931), Principal (1907-1916), later Director of the YMCA for the American Expeditionary Forces, New York State Historian, and Director of Archives and History.</p><br>
<p>The Worland Ranch is a historic district that includes the farmstead established in 1900 by C.F. "Dad" Worland near his namesake town of Worland, Wyoming, United States. The site was in fact the original townsite, with the Worland post office located on the grounds. The present town developed just to the east on the broad flatlands east of the Bighorn River. The original townsite is commemorated by an inscribed stone marker.</p><br>
<p>"Dad" Worland&#39;s 1900 dugout was the first structure in the vicinity. In 1903 a survey established that the Worland site was a promising location for irrigation, and the ranch became the center of construction activities. Worland built a two-room log house 1903–04 while assembling an eventual total of 800 acres. By 1918 "Dad" Worland and his son Charlie had built the present ranch buildings. They sold the ranch to the Wyoming Sugar Company in 1920. The ranch has been preserved through its time as a working ranch and is still operated as a ranch.</p><br>
<p>The Worland House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Eakin Mill Covered Bridge  is a historic covered bridge in Vinton County, Ohio, United States. Located southeast of the county seat of McArthur, this bridge carries Mound Hill Road near the community of Arbaugh.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1870, Gilman and Ward built their bridge on stone piers and roofed it with metal; like many other covered bridges, its walls are weatherboarded.</p><br>
<p>With the developments of modern truck transportation, the Eakin Mill Covered Bridge became less well suited to daily operation. Many trucks crossed the bridge while carrying loads heavier than they were permitted to carry, and the bridge sustained significant structural damage; accordingly, it was closed and replaced. Nevertheless, the bridge remains in its original location, and it has been designated a historic site. In 1976, the Eakin Mill Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant engineering and because of its place in Ohio&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Olive Road Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Vinton County, Ohio, United States. Located northeast of Allensville,</p><br>
<p>Built on stone piers and covered with a metal roof, the Mt. Olive Road Bridge is supported by a simple queen post truss design. Its builder was local engineer George Washington Pilcher; a leading engineer in southeastern Ohio, Pilcher helped to build many other Vinton County covered bridges and contributed toward the construction of Manasseh Cutler Hall on the campus of Ohio University.</p><br>
<p>When the bridge was built, it lay amid land owned by a family named "Grandstaff&quot because this family owned wide lands surrounding the bridge, it has also frequently been known as the "Grandstaff Bridge." Nevertheless, the name "Mt. Olive Road Bridge" persists; when it was named a historic site in 1973, the designation was made under that name. This designation was that of placement on the National Register of Historic Places, an honor shared by two other Vinton County covered bridges. It qualified for this distinction both because of its well-preserved historic engineering and because of its contribution to statewide history.</p><br>
<p>The Ottawa Waterworks Building is a historic waterworks in eastern Ottawa, Ohio, United States. Built in 1904,</p><br>
<p>A single-story structure, The Waterworks Building served as Ottawa&#39;s primary water pumping facility for approximately seventy years, remaining active until a new waterworks was completed in the mid-1970s. Since that time, it has been used as storage for equipment and spare machinery for the water system.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Ottawa Waterworks Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion both because of its architecture and because of its place in local history: it was deemed a fine example of a local public works building, and its role as the area&#39;s first water pumping station has made it a leading example of the development of early twentieth-century Putnam County. Today, the Waterworks Building lies in a municipal park.</p><br>
<p>Allegheny High School is a former high school in the Allegheny Center neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It opened in 1888 as the sole high school serving what was then the independent city of Allegheny. An annex was added in 1904 and the original 1888 building was replaced by a new Art-Deco-style structure in 1936. The surviving 1904 and 1936 buildings, which were designed by Frederick J. Osterling and Marion M. Steen respectively, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The campus is no longer a high school but is still used by Pittsburgh Public Schools for elementary and middle grades (Allegheny PreK–5 and Allegheny 6–8).</p><br>
<p>Notable Allegheny High graduates include William N. Robson, award-winning writer, director, and producer from the old-time radio era and Dorothy Mae Richardson, an African American community activist whose work was essential to the founding of the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation.</p><br>
<p>American novelist Willa Cather taught English and Latin at Allegheny High School, where she came to head the English department.</p><br>
<p>The Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 2  in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a lock and fixed-crest dam from 1932. It crosses the Allegheny River between the Pittsburgh neighborhood of Highland Park and the suburb of Aspinwall. The lock and dam were built by the USA Army Corps of Engineers as a part of an extensive system of locks and dams to improve navigation along the Allegheny River. It is the most-used lock operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>Lock and Dam No. 2 is located about 6.7 Miles up the Allegheny River from the Point in Downtown Pittsburgh. Upriver from the dam, Allegheny Pool No. 2 has an average water elevation of 721 feet above sea level and extends about 7.8 miles upriver to Allegheny River Lock and Dam No. 3. Downriver is the Pittsburgh Pool with an average water elevation of 710 feet above sea level. Thus Lock No. 2 lifts and lowers boats about 11 feet between the pools.</p><br>
<p>The Pittsburgh Pool encompasses over 24 Miles of navigable water at about 710 feet of elevation. It stretches about 6.2 Miles up the Ohio River from the Emsworth Locks and Dam, 11.2 Miles up the Monongahela River to the Braddock Locks & Dam, and 6.7 Miles up the Allegheny.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Park Bridge crosses the river just above the dam. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Arsenal School is a historic school building in the Lower Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It houses both a middle school, Arsenal 6–8, and an elementary school, Arsenal PreK–5, operated by Pittsburgh Public Schools. The building originally opened in 1932 as a junior high school, with the elementary school addition completed in 1939. It stands on part of the former site of the Allegheny Arsenal.</p><br>
<p>The Arsenal School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and was listed as a contributing property in the Lawrenceville Historic District in 2019. It is also a City of Pittsburgh historic structure and a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark. In 2004, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was placed at the school&#39;s athletic field to honor Johnny Unitas, who played there for the semi-professional Bloomfield Rams prior to his Hall of Fame career in the National Football League.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the school was built was part of the Allegheny Arsenal, which manufactured munitions for the USA military during the American Civil War and was the site of a deadly explosion in 1862. In the early 1900s, a large section of the arsenal became surplus property and was turned into Arsenal Park. Some of the former arsenal buildings in the lower portion of the park were refurbished in 1908 to build a testing station for the USA Geological Survey (USGS). This facility was engaged in various areas of research, particularly mine safety.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, Lawrenceville residents petitioned the school board for a high school in their neighborhood. In order to achieve this, the school board negotiated a land swap whereby the federal government received a parcel on Forbes Avenue (which became the USA Bureau of Mines Central Experiment Station) in exchange for the former USGS property. The school board planned to eventually build a junior high school on the site, but in the interim the property was used as a vocational school starting in 1926. In 1930, to clear the way for the planned junior high school, the vocational students were reassigned to the Washington School, which eventually became a vocational school exclusively.</p><br>
<p>Excavation work for the new school began in January, 1931, and the cornerstone was laid on June 11, 1931. Anthony Greco, a bricklaying student from the vocational school, performed the ceremony. The completed building was dedicated on November 4, 1932. In 1939, a new wing for elementary students was completed, absorbing the students who previously attended the Bayard, Foster, and Lawrence elementary schools.</p><br>
<h3>Arsenal Middle School</h3><br>
<p>For most of its history, the Arsenal building has housed two separate schools, one for middle-grade students and one for elementary students. Although located in the same building, they are separate schools with separate administrations.</p><br>
<p>The middle-grade school began as Arsenal Junior High in 1932. In 1957, the school was abruptly shut down and converted into a girls&#39; vocational high school after a fire destroyed the Bellefield vocational school in Oakland. The 390 Bellefield students were transferred to Arsenal and the existing seventh, eighth, and ninth-grade students were reassigned to other schools to make room for them. This arrangement continued until 1969, when Pittsburgh Public Schools began adopting the middle school concept and chose Arsenal as the site for one of its new middle schools. The school was renovated and reopened as Arsenal Middle School in 1971. Now known as Arsenal 6–8, the school remains in operation with an enrollment of 146 as of 2024.</p><br>
<h3>Arsenal Elementary School</h3><br>
<p>Arsenal Elementary opened in 1939. In 1954, it was the site of the first large-scale testing of Jonas Salk&#39;s experimental polio vaccine, with shots administered to 135 first, second, and third-grade students.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Pittsburgh Public Schools decided to close Arsenal Elementary as part of its desegregation plan, with students being bused to Fort Pitt Elementary instead. In 2002, Arsenal Elementary reopened. The school is now known as Arsenal PreK–5 and has an enrollment of 276 as of 2024.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Arsenal School is a C-shaped building organized around a central athletic field. Each arm of the C is two stories high, while the perpendicular central section is four stories. The whole building rests on a basement level which is partially exposed on the street elevations and fully exposed on the interior playing field side. The original L-shaped junior high section was designed by the local firm of Schwab, Palmgreen, & Merick, a partnership between Harvey A. Schwab (1887–1956), Charles J. Palmgreen (1882–1961), and Frederick Ickes Merrick (1876–1960). The later elementary wing at the west end of the building was designed by Marion M. Steen. However, the elementary wing was planned from the beginning and Steen&#39;s section closely matches the existing architecture.</p><br>
<p>Stylistically, the building is an example of the PWA Moderne or "stripped classical" style, a hybrid of Neoclassical and Art Deco architecture which was popular for public buildings in the 1930s. The building is faced with limestone and sparsely ornamented with classical motifs. The windows are arranged in vertical bands with recessed spandrels. The main entrance on 40th Street has a double-height arched entryway decorated with geometric patterns, a keystone with a sculpted face, and ornamental urns.</p><br>
<p>The Bayard School in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a building from 1874 and is one of Pittsburgh&#39;s oldest surviving school buildings. The school was closed in 1939, along with the nearby Foster School and Lawrence School, when all students were transferred to the new elementary wing of Arsenal Junior High School. It was sold in 1941 and later used as a warehouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>After being vacant for a number of years, the school building was renovated and converted into loft apartments in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Bindley Hardware Company Building is an historic structure, which is located in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Erected in 1903, along the Pennsylvania Railroad main line and next to the Shadyside Station, the structure was built for John P. Bindley by his brother Albion.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>As president of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce from 1895 to 1902 and of the National Hardware Association, John P. Bindley had tried to organize the hardware industry into a "National Combine" or trust, but failed due to opposition from the government. In response, he established a dominant regional hardware wholesaler in Pittsburgh, which became a major center of hardware manufacturing. The Bindley Hardware Company Building served as its main warehouse.</p><br>
<p>In September 1909, the firm of Bamberger, Krause & Company leased a portion of the building&#39;s second floor.</p><br>
<p>This building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Birmingham Public School is an historic American school building that is located in the South Side Flats neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, it currently functions as an apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic structure was built in 1871 by the Borough of Birmingham in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, a community that was annexed by the city of Pittsburgh the following year.</p><br>
<p>A three-story, brick building that features gabled eastern and western sections that are connected by hipped-roof middle section, its "twin facades have slightly projecting center bays with segmentally arched entries with stone surrounds and overhanging hoods."</p><br>
<p>In 1944, this building was sold to the Catholic Church and served as the middle school for St. Adalbert&#39;s Parish.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is currently an apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The Woolslair Elementary School in the Bloomfield neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a building from 1898. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Woolslair School was built in 1897–98 by the Howard Sub-District, which was the local school board for the 16th Ward (covering parts of present-day Bloomfield and Lower Lawrenceville). Construction began in September, 1897, and the completed building was dedicated on January 6, 1899. The $70,000 building was called the "pride of the 16th Ward". The Pittsburgh Press reported,</p><br>
<p>The school remains in operation as Pittsburgh Public Schools Woolslair K-5 as of 2024. It is one of the oldest schools in the district.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Woolslair School is a two-story building constructed from brown brick with sandstone trim.</p><br>
<p>In its original configuration, the school had 16 classrooms and a 950-seat auditorium which could be accessed from both the first and second floors, which was an unusual feature. The building was designed by Samuel Thornburg McClarren (1862–1940), who also designed the John Morrow Elementary School in Brighton Heights.</p><br>
<p>The Wightman School is an historic, American building that is located in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Built in 1897, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Originally an elementary school that was named Colfax No. 5, this historic building was subsequently renamed as the Wightman School in honor of Thomas Wightman, the owner of the Thomas Wightman Glass Company. The school operated from the time of its opening in 1897 until it was closed by the Pittsburgh Public Schools in June 1980.</p><br>
<p>Since 1981, this 40,000-square-foot space has been used as a community building, serving as the home base for several small businesses and nonprofit organizations.</p><br>
<p>House at 520 Hostageh Road, also known as Lyndhurst, is a historic seasonal cottage located at Rock City in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was built in 1903 and is a -story Swiss Cottage wood-frame dwelling with hipped roofs and an L-shaped front porch. Also on the property is a contributing gambrel-roofed barn containing the original privy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Uinta County Courthouse in Evanston, Wyoming is the oldest courthouse building in Wyoming, and one of the oldest permanent structures in Wyoming. Built in three stages, the first phase was a two-story jail, built in 1873. It was expanded with court facilities the following year, and in 1910 the main portion of the Georgian Revival structure was built with the present façade. Each phase showed an increasing attention to detail and ornament.</p><br>
<p>The original 1873 jail and 1874 courthouse were built by Evanston contractors Harvey Booth and William McDonald, assisted by mason William Durnford. McDonald was also the chairman of the Uinta County Commission; his contract stipulated that the work cost no more than $25,000. The 1910 addition was carried out by Evanston contractor W.H. Armstrong for $24,000.</p><br>
<p>The present front section of the courthouse is a brick structure, two stories high, with quoined corners and a central portico. The portico is supported by two unfluted Ionic stone columns, backed by two engaged Ionic pilasters of the same material on the building itself. The courthouse has a tiled roof with a dentiled cornice. The masonry walls of the 1873-1874 portion of the complex have been stained red by a mixture reportedly containing slaughterhouse blood and stale beer.</p><br>
<p>In 1887 a new jail was built nearby by the Pauly Jail Building and Manufacturing Company of St. Louis. This building was demolished in 1976 to make way for a new public safety facility. The new jail allowed the courthouse to expand its office and storage space.</p><br>
<p>The Uinta County Courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a parish church of the Archdiocese of Dubuque located in Elkader, Iowa, United States. The church and parish hall were both listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Catholicism in Elkader can be traced to the missionary activities of a priest from Holy Cross in the 1840s. He also visited mission stations in Guttenberg, Garnavillo, and other communities. The first Mass in Elkader was celebrated in a log cabin where the town&#39;s post office now stands. The first baptism was in 1855.</p><br>
<p>The first resident pastor of the parish was the Rev. Peter McGinnis who came to St. Joseph&#39;s in 1856. He purchased land and built the first church in limestone which was quarried from the hill behind the church. The structure took two years before the church was under roof, and even longer before it was furnished. It measured 36 by when completed. The pastor had difficulties raising the $4,000 needed to build the church. Parishioners had to stand or kneel on the floor until the pews were added. The three altars added to the church were constructed of wood. In 1876 the three brass bells cast in Cincinnati were bought for $1,800. A bell tower, separate from the church building, was built to hold the bells. The church was extended in 1887 under the leadership of the Rev. J. F. Reilly. The extension created space for a new sanctuary and sacristy. The seating capacity of the church was increased to 100.</p><br>
<h2>Present Church</h2><br>
<p>In 1897 plans were made for a new church because the old church had grown too small for the congregation. Thomas Byrnes, who had previously built the Keystone Arch Bridge and the Bayless Hotel, was awarded the contract to build the church. The cornerstone for the new church was laid on April 24, 1898, and it was dedicated on Thanksgiving Day in 1900. The church, without furnishings, was built for $12,000. Another $7,000 was spent to furnish the church, which brought the total construction bill to $19,000.</p><br>
<p>The dimensions of the new church measure 50 by. The top of the cross on the steeple is 142 ft above the ground. The church was built in the Gothic Revival style, and like the old church is built of limestone. The roof was covered in Pennsylvania slate. The interior has three naves and is separated by columns which were originally marbleized. The central nave rises to 36 ft, while the side naves are 27.5 ft. The ornate wood altars from the old church were moved to the new church and the three bells were placed in the tower. The ceiling of the church was frescoed with circular portraits of various saints. The seating capacity was 500. After the new church was built the old church was converted into a parish hall.</p><br>
<p>Major renovations were made to the church in the 1960s and again in the 1990s. During the renovation in the 1960s many of the original furnishings were removed and the interior was plastered with Kalloite. An altar was constructed so the priest could face the congregation, as well as other changes influenced by the liturgical changes brought about by the Second Vatican Council. The roof was recovered with black slate in the 1980s. In the 1990s many of the original furnishings were brought back into the church and repurposed. The gates to the former communion rail were made into table tops. The old sedalia was remade into a presiders chair. A new ambo, baptismal font and ambry were made to complement the churchs Gothic design. The seating capacity of the church was reduced to 300.</p><br>
<p>Woodmen Hall is an historic Woodmen of the World building located on the corner of Center and Second streets in Saint Onge, Lawrence County, South Dakota. It was used as a meeting hall for the local Woodmen of the World lodge and other local organizations. It also housed a general store.</p><br>
<p>In 1991 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, at which time it was vacant.</p><br>
<p>1 Broadway  is a 12-story office building in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It is located at the intersection of Battery Place and Broadway, adjacent to Bowling Green to the east and the Battery to the south.</p><br>
<p>1 Broadway was built in 1882 as the Queen Anne-style Washington Building on the site of the former Washington Hotel. The building was acquired by the International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM) in 1919 to serve as its corporate headquarters and extensively altered to its present Neoclassical style. It was the headquarters of IMM and its successor company United States Lines until 1979, when the firm relocated to Cranford, New Jersey. The structure continued to host office tenants as well as a bank. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on March 2, 1991, and was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1995. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district created in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The International Mercantile Marine Company Building is in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by Battery Place and the Battery to the south, Broadway and Bowling Green to the east, Greenwich Street to the west, and the Bowling Green Offices Building (11 Broadway) to the north. Its alternate addresses are 1 Battery Place and 1-3 Greenwich Street. The site overlooks the New York Harbor to the south, and its Battery Place facade is adjacent to two entrances for the New York City Subway&#39;s Bowling Green station.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was initially designed by Edward H. Kendall as a Queen Anne style building.</p><br>
<h3>Form</h3><br>
<p>1 Broadway is a 12-story building. The ground story is sometimes counted as two floors because of its double-height ceiling. It was erected as the 9- or 10-story Washington Building. The building is slightly U-shaped, surrounding a shallow light court to the north, which connects with 11 Broadway&#39;s much deeper light court.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>The building has side entrances facing Battery Park which are labeled "First Class" and "Cabin Class". The facade of the ground through 12th stories is composed of buff-colored Indiana Limestone, which replaced the original cladding of red Milwaukee brick and sandstone. Though the spandrels of the windows are of green marble, and the water table below the first story is faced with granite. The southwestern and southeastern corners of the building, facing Battery Park, are chamfered and formerly contained entrance doorways at the base.</p><br>
<p>The ground-level windows are arched double-height openings with multi-paneled sash windows, topped by half-domed awnings. On Broadway, there are five vertical bays. At ground level, the center bay contains the main entrance archway; it includes carved reliefs of Mercury (god of travel) and Neptune (god of the sea) in its spandrels, and it contains a pediment with an eagle carving at its top. The two northernmost ground-level bays on Broadway are less ornate entrance archways, while the southernmost bays are window openings. On Battery Place, there are nine bays. At ground level, the second-to-last bays on either side contain entrances: the eastern entrance was for first-class passengers, and the western entrance was for cabin-class passengers. On Greenwich Street, there are six bays; all are double-height windows, except for the northernmost bay, which includes doors and a staircase to the buildings elevator hall. The basement windows are visible at the bottom of the facade, and a staircase led to the third-class passengers entrance in the basement.</p><br>
<p>An entablature runs along the facade between the 1st and 2nd floors. Between the windows on the second floor are alternating mosaic shields of renowned port cities. On the 3rd through 7th floors, each bay contains a pair of sash windows. The spandrel panels above each pair of windows are made of yellow marble, and the spandrels above the 4th story contain roundels as well. The chamfered corners each contain a single sash window per floor.</p><br>
<p>The facades of the 8th and 9th floors comprise an arcade with one arched window in each bay, while the 10th story contains a pair of sash windows in each bay. At either chamfered corner, the 8th and 10th floors have a rectangular sash window, and the 9th floor has a rose window. The 11th and 12th stories comprise the copper mansard roof; the 11th floor is set back slightly and surrounded by a balustrade. Above the roof are three 1- and 2-story mechanical towers.</p><br>
<h3>Booking room</h3><br>
<p>The first-floor booking room is 160 ft long by 40 ft wide, running parallel to Battery Place, and has a ceiling 25 ft tall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early site usage</h3><br>
<p>In the 17th century, two taverns operated at the site of what is now 1 Broadway. One of these was the "Knocks Tavern", built around 1649 by Dutch military officer Peter Knocks (alternatively Peter Cock). This was likely the first permanent building at 1 Broadway. Dutch settler William Isaacsen Vredenburgh lived at the site until 1673, when the building was scheduled to be demolished because it interfered with Fort Amsterdam&#39;s defenses.</p><br>
<p>The lot was sold in 1745 to Royal Navy captain Archibald Kennedy. Around 1760 or 1768, Kennedy&#39;s house was erected at the site, "fashioned after the most approved English model". There was a parlor 50 ft long and a connection to the adjacent house at 3 Broadway. Kennedy occupied the house until 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, when he fled to New Jersey. The Kennedy house then served briefly as headquarters for Continental Army generals Henry Lee III and Israel Putnam, and possibly served as headquarters for General George Washington, as well as by high-ranking generals of the British army.The Commander-in-Chief, America, Sir Henry Clinton, occupied Number One Broadway as his headquarters, and in 1782-3 Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) also occupied Number One.</p><br>
<p>Following the wars conclusion, the structure was restored to its original condition. It was then occupied by banker Nathaniel Prime, possibly either between 1810 and 1831, or through the 1840s. The structure then became the Washington Hotel, which opened in 1854, although one source says that the house was used for entertainment as early as 1794. Sometime in the mid-19th century, the building was expanded: a drawing in the 1859 Nortons Handbook of New York City shows the hotel as being four stories tall. Adjoining the hotel was the residence of John Watts, built in 1750 on the site of the current IMM Building. It was connected to the Washington Hotel by a temporary bridge that was installed whenever the Watts family held large events.</p><br>
<h3>Washington Building</h3><br>
<p>In mid-1881, Cyrus West Field paid $167,500 for the Washington Hotel and $70,000 for Caroline W. Astors adjoining house at Battery Place and Greenwich Street. The hotels furnishings were sold off that December. The prior month, in November 1881, Field had announced that he would host a competition among six of the city&#39;s most reputable architects to design the Washington Building, a commercial building, on the hotel site. The winning architect would be paid $5,500, and the other architects would be paid $500 each for submitting a design. The Washington Building was often referred to as the Field Building, after its developer.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Building was originally a 9- or 10-story structure The structure was C-shaped, surrounding an interior courtyard on its north side. It initially contained four elevators, but two more were added in the 1890s. As originally designed, there were to be 17 offices on each floor between the third and ninth floors, and there were "about 860 windows and 358 rooms" in total. Tenants included the Statue of Liberty construction committee, the Manhattan Hay and Produce Exchange, the Postal Telegraph-Cable Company, and the United-States National Bank. The structure was topped by a circular tower on the Battery side and a rectangular tower on the Broadway side.</p><br>
<p>Kendall designed additional stories to the Washington Building in 1885, but sources disagree as to how this was undertaken. According to Fran Leadon, a two-story addition was built shortly after the Washington Building&#39;s completion, and another two-story expansion was added in 1886–1887.</p><br>
<h3>IMM renovation</h3><br>
<p>The International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM) was looking for a new headquarters by the early 20th century. The company had been founded by the financier J. P. Morgan in 1902 through the merger of numerous smaller companies. Because of its large size and abundant competition in the steamship industry, its operations ran with a "thin margin of safety". IMM&#39;s finances were negatively affected after the 1912 sinking of the, operated by its subsidiary White Star Line, but the company made significant profits from freight traffic during and after World War I. Its first office in New York City, located at the adjacent Bowling Green Offices Building, was first mentioned in its 1918 annual report.</p><br>
<p>IMM bought the Washington Building in 1919 for $3 million. Due to a dearth of available office space in the neighborhood, IMM decided against constructing an entirely new structure. Walter B. Chambers designed the Washington Buildings renovation. The dormers and oriels were removed; the roof was rebuilt; the facade was clad in a mixture of granite, marble, and limestone; and maritime-themed details were placed on the facade of 1 Broadway. In addition, the ground floor was redesigned to accommodate IMMs booking office. The renovation was performed in phases to minimize disruption to existing tenants, who were moved between offices as work proceeded. The process occurred "without the slightest accident" despite the engineering complexities of the project. The renovation was completed by 1921; that year, the Downtown League gave 1 Broadway a "best-altered building" award.</p><br>
<p>The structure initially contained the booking office and New York City headquarters of the IMM. The ground floor had the first-and-second-class booking offices, waiting room, and lobby, while the basement contained the steerage booking office and storage rooms. The second floor housed the IMM&#39;s construction department; the third and fourth floor, general offices; and the fifth floor, a board room and executive offices. Other tenants rented out the seven upper floors. The IMM competed with the Cunard Line, which had erected its own nearby building in a similar way two years before. The Cunard, Bowling Green, and International Mercantile Marine Company buildings and several others on the southernmost section on Broadway, formed a "steamship row".</p><br>
<h3>Later use</h3><br>
<p>Both the public and the federal government&#39;s United States Shipping Board started to distrust IMM following World War I: the public eschewed the company due to its usage of British ships, while the Shipping Board saw IMM as too large and anti-competitive. This led to a series of organizational changes, including the sale of all foreign-flag lines and even some domestic lines. The IMM merged with the Roosevelt Steamship Company in 1931 to form the Roosevelt International Mercantile Marine Company (RIMM), which continued to own 1 Broadway. The same year, RIMM acquired United States Lines (USL) and began merging its other operations under that name. By 1940, RIMM itself had merged into USL, and the next year, an USL subsidiary acquired 1 Broadway.</p><br>
<p>USL was also one of the largest shipping lines of its time, but faced numerous financial problems after World War II. USL also proposed replacing 1 Broadway with a 50-story skyscraper in 1970, which would have entailed taking air rights from the nearby Alexander Hamilton USA Custom House. Shipping entrepreneur Malcom McLean bought USL in 1977, and the following December, United States Lines announced that it would move to Cranford, New Jersey. The relocation took place in mid-1979, though USL remained on the ground floor through the end of the year.</p><br>
<p>Several entities expressed interest in purchasing 1 Broadway, including one prospective buyer who considered converting it into a hotel. Ultimately, the structure was acquired by the Muna Realty Development Corporation, The same year, Allstate started renovating the facade. In 2007, it was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a NRHP district.</p><br>
<p>Kenyon & Kenyon, a prominent intellectual property law firm, was the main tenant on the upper floors in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, having moved into four floors of 1 Broadway in 1980. Kenyon & Kenyon along with investment counselors Brundage, Story & Rose, collectively occupied 70% of the building&#39;s office space by 1996. In 2018, the building was sold to Midtown Equities for $140 million, Kenyon & Kenyon dissolved afterward.</p><br>
<h2>Critical reception</h2><br>
<p>Before its renovation, the Washington Building was described by the Real Estate Record and Guide as "one of the handsomest office structures in the world", and due to its location at the southern tip of Manhattan Island, "probably the first building to attract the foreigner who comes to our shores." So prominent was the building that visitors to New York City would often climb to the building&#39;s roof before checking into their hotels.</p><br>
<p>A Times article in 1919, prior to the Washington Building&#39;s renovation, called the planned remodel "a great white stone structure of classic dignity and proportion". After the project was completed, the Real Estate Record and Guide called it "a beautiful, harmonious structure, which few would recognize as the old Washington Building, known for two generations as the first skyscraper of lower Manhattan." In a book published in 1932, W. Parker Chase wrote that the building was "one of the most magnificent buildings in New York".</p><br>
<p>The Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building is a historic bank building located at 41 Broad Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The structure was designed by architects Cross & Cross and built in 1928–1929. It is a 10-story, Classical Revival style, with a top floor penthouse. It features a slightly curved front facade, architectural sculpture by Leo Friedlander, and murals by Griffith B. Coale.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Mooney House is a building at 18 Bowery, at the corner of Pell Street, in the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built between 1785 and 1789 for wealthy butcher Edward Mooney on land he purchased after it was confiscated from British Loyalist James De Lancey.</p><br>
<p>The brick house was built in a mixture of Georgian and Federal styles, and is New York City&#39;s earliest remaining Early Federal style townhouse. It has three stories plus an attic and full basement. The home was located close to the slaughterhouses, holding pens and tanneries where Mooney made his living; he occupied the house until his death c.1800.</p><br>
<p>In 1807, the size of the house was doubled by an addition to the rear. The house would be used as a private residence until the 1820s after which it has served at various times as a hotel, brothel and saloon.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The John A. Lynch was a ferryboat built in 1925 in Mariners Harbor, Staten Island. It was named after NJ politician John A. Lynch, Sr. by NYC Mayor Hylan as were 15 other ferryboats built at the same time. It was renamed first as the Harlam, then the Major General William H. Hart in 1940 when it was sold to the Army and assigned to Governors Island. In 1968 it was donated to the South Street Seaport Museum where it was used as a school ship until 1990. It was traded to, in Bridgeport Connecticut in exchange for docking proposed for the H.M.S. Rose at South Street for the 1992 Columbus Quincentenary. It was sold in about 2000 and was to be docked in New Jersey, but is currently half sunk and decaying at Port Reading, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 7, 1984.</p><br>
<p>P.S. 135 , also known as P.S. 35 , is a historic school building located at 931 First Avenue at East 51st Street in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1892 The school was designed by George W. Debevoise in the Romanesque revival style., and has been at various times a community center, a homeless shelter and a nursery school, as well as the United Nations International School. There was an addition made to the building in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. A condominium tower was built inside the facade of the building in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is located at 1232–1238 Broadway at the corner of West 31st Street in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1868 and was designed by Henry Engelbert in the Second Empire style. Englebert designed the hotel for Elias S. Higgins, a prosperous carpet manufacturer and merchant.</p><br>
<p>At the time the Grand Hotel was built, the area of Broadway between Madison Square and Herald Square was the premier entertainment district in the city, teeming with theatres, restaurants and hotels. The sleazier establishments on the side streets soon gave the district a new name, the "Tenderloin". When the theatre district moved uptown again, the area became part of the Garment District, and the Grand Hotel became a cut-rate residential hotel.</p><br>
<p>Oscar Wilde is known to have stayed at the hotel at least twice during 1882.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City Landmark in 1979, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
